calculations seek to characterize the concept of what a program does without being prescriptive about how the desired behaviour is achieved. By providing a way of abstractly capturing program behaviour, calculations offer: an approach to program analysis, an approach to designing programs based on the desired behaviour, and a new approach to teaching about programming, [...] calculations are a missing concept in the study and teaching of Computing.A calculation is a historical record of what went on when a program executed with respect to some specific data items. An example calculation showing mutually dependent processing of integer streams is shown on the right. Peter's notes on calculations have been typed up and recently published in the Journal of Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation.
Innovation starts with consumers, not academia
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“All innovation comes from industry is just wrong, universities invented
many useful things.” But that’s not the argument. Nobody thinks that Knuth
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